Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Journal - Essay Example The article offers that â€Å"retailers already are bracing for another meager holiday season† (Rugaber, 1). At the microeconomic level, less demand for credit can impact the retail industry significantly if there are wide scale changes in consumer behavior and attitude toward retail spending. Some consumers may be considering that the cost of a car would be too significant on their personal budgets and would rather keep their creditworthiness by paying down debt. Consumer attitudes might also be focused around small scale items, as cost savings, such as reducing grocery store volume per trip or changing their favorite brands. The article offers that jobs are scarce currently which also changes the mindset of buyers, giving them more incentive to cut back on personal spending in the retail environment. The National Retail Federation believes that the retail holiday season will see a one percent drop in sales this year, due to consumers reducing their spending and their need for credit. Speaking strictly from the microeconomics level, this makes sense how one aspect of consumer attitude can strongly impact the strength of a specific industry, such as retail. It would seem that the real question which should be asked is whether consumers would be cutting back on large purchases or small purchases and in what specific retail segment. Is it scattered throughout retail or does this concern only deal with high dollar purchases? Microeconomics has taught the importance of conducting research and gaining demographic information in order to support local business success and profitability. Consumer attitudes changing to reflect a new attitude regarding spending and credit is a microeconomic issue with potential real-life problems for certain retail marketplaces. It would be very important to conduct consumer research to find out why. The new light bulbs

Drug Abuse Essay Example for Free

Drug Abuse Essay Drug abuse has an effect on all aspects of life; overall health and wellness, family life, and the community. With there being so many different kinds of drugs the effects are endless. The effect of drug abuse does not discriminate or focus on any one person. Drug abuse can be found in any area of the world and the overall effects can be devastating to anyone involved. A person’s choice to use any kind of illegal drug or abusing prescribed medicines can have a damaging impact on their overall health and wellness. This damaging effect on addicts overall health and wellness can be both short and long term. An active addict can face many health changes and challenges throughout the time that they choose to use. There can be many short term effects that depend on exactly what drug is being abused. There are drugs that can raise your heart rate, make you hallucinate, and even dehydrate you badly. â€Å"The impact of addiction can be far reaching. Cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and lung disease can all be affected by drug abuse. Some of these effects occur when drugs are used at high doses or after prolonged use; however, some may occur after just one use.† An addict can face many mental health issues during their addiction that can have a devastating effect on their own life. Women substance abusers are more likely than men to have poor self-concepts (low self-esteem, guilt, self-blame) and high rates of mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar affective disorder, suicidal ideation, psychosexual disorders, eating disorders, and Post traumatic stress disorder.† â€Å"Chronic use of some drugs of abuse can cause long-lasting changes in the brain, which may lead to paranoia, depression, aggression, and hallucinations.† The addict has a giant effect on their family and home environment. There can be many issues that a family must face when an addict is living in the home. There can be many forms of abuse in a home where there is an addict. There can be sexual abuse, financial abuse, physical abuse and emotional abuse in any home. The addiction is not responsible for the violence but can intensify and make it more common. When an addict is deep in their addiction they will often put financial responsibilities of the home off to get high instead. This can cause child neglect by no food being in home, no  electricity or heat. There can be consequences for the children living in a home with an active addict. These consequences may not show up for years until the child of the addict is grown. â€Å"The disturbed home and family setup, the inter-parental and parent-child conflict, parental neglect in large families, defective disciplinary techniques (too lax or too strict) and family disorganization ar e considered as some of the causes of drug abuse.† There is a higher risk of children of an addict growing up to become addicts themselves An addict has an effect on the community in which they live. This effect from an addict can cause problems for the entire community There is more possibility of crime and erratic behavior in the community where an active addict is living. A defining characteristic of addictive behavior is that they involve in the pursuit of short-term gratification at the expense of long-term harm When a person is under the influence of any drug they may not be fully conscious of the choices that they are making. When there is an active drug area in the community there is usually more violence and less desired living situations. When there are drugs in a common area that area becomes more prone to violence and could actually desensitize the people in the community When you have shootings, robberies, rapes, and murders in any area there will be less of a desire for anybody to want to live there. Conclusion In conclusion with their being so much drug abuse in today’s society where do we begin to help break the cycle? We have seen that the problem is a mental health issue that begins with the addict; however drug abuse has an effect on all aspects of life; overall health and wellness, family life, and the community. If we stop judging the addicts and making them feel so much shame and embarrassment, we can lift them up, encourage them and support them to better then it can change the overall hurt and damage that is being inflicted on our people and society.

Defining The Term Human Communication English Language Essay

Defining The Term Human Communication English Language Essay The study of human communication might be very complicated but also be attractive. The process of human communication has been an interesting topic in many areas. Human communication may be difficult at times, because people need to communicate with others of various language skills. As Givens states Our complexity is seen through our use of verbal and nonverbal communication on a daily as well as our ability to interact with fellow human beings on multiple levels, mentally and emotionally(2008,  ¶ 1). Humans are a social animal who has to belong in the community, which is why we cannot help talking with other people. There are several basic and essential pieces of information about human communication that is needed to understand this assignment. Above all, Human communication is: the process of creating and sharing meaning through the use of symbols (Givens, 2008,  ¶ 1). Also, Verbal communication is defined as the ways in which you use the words in a language to generate meani ng. Interestingly, verbal communication involves not only oral words but also literal words. This assignment will firstly consider the main reason why communication between humans does not work, which is because of using idiomatic language, and the reason why communication between humans does work, including gestures. Secondly, the two positive impacts of the electronic age on communication are the convenience of using technology whenever people want, and speed of access. Lastly, my opinion on what it is like to communicate full time in English as my second language, regarding difficulty with understanding idiomatic language. A reason for communication to fail is because of the use of idiomatic language. First of all, second language speakers are not familiar with the idioms, because the actual interpreted meaning is different from the literal meaning. Idiomatic language refers to many words or phrases that are a familiar and everyday feature of our language but to a foreigner, idioms are difficult to understand because their meaning is very different from the literal meaning of the words (Campsall, 2010,  ¶ idiomatic language). Especially, the idiom phrase that the young people often use is no way, Sarah! and Thats real cool. These two sentences are the example of idiomatic expression. Everyone could notice that idioms exist in transformed collocation which cannot make any sense if the order is mixed (Korepela, 2009). The difficulty in understating idiomatic language does not just apply to face to face conversations. The difficult idioms are also applied to reading books and journals, watching movies, and making phone calls; that is, all those cases are related to reading and listening. As mentioned previously, idiomatic language might be very difficult to understand especially in reading, because the reader may consider a different meaning from the actual interpretation. People read to understand meaning, so reading is similar to interpreting. It is sure that it is hard to grasp the meaning of idioms especially for foreigners, as those belongs to only first language speakers who have used that allusive expression for a long time (Bandura, 2001). Then, it cannot be easy to comprehend the meaning of specific idioms in listening; even it is a big problem in reading. If even really simple sentences are spoken quickly, second language speakers might not interpret the meaning; so idioms are difficult. Sometimes, implicative speech and a trial of a euphemism confuse international people. Therefore, it is indispensable to figure out the meaning of idioms in casual conversations, otherw ise the probability of failing communication is high. As Vasiq mentioned Students need to learn more idioms if they want to talk more naturally and to understand the ideas of whom they are talking to because, in everyday conversation native speakers often use them (2008,  ¶ 1). The learning of idioms is not limited, because there are so many, so the allusive and idiomatic language has a potential to be the reason of failing communication. To sum up, idiomatic expressions may cause a conversation to be unsuccessful. A reason for successful dialogue is body language. The gestures used while talking, are also called non-verbal communication. As informed in the introduction, communication includes written words as well as oral words. Then, the meaning of non-verbal communication is opposite to verbal communication, which is the conversation without any kind of written words. According to Devito (2002, p.140), you communicate nonverbally when you gesture, smile or frown, widen your eyes, move your chair close to someone, wear jewelry, touch someone, or raise your vocal volume and when someone receives these signals. Body language, in other words non-verbal communication, is a form of dialogue, which will be accomplished with interaction between more than two people. In speaking, a person asks when there are people who can answer, a person answers when there is a question; the same principle applies equally to gestures. It is an effective way of talking with eye-contact, smiling face, and adequate h and movements in relations to contents of the dialogue. Although people talk with international people, they can recognise what the second language speakers are trying to say in their face expressions and eyes; This situation only happens during face to face conversation in person. There are several kinds of non-verbal communication, but one of the most represented is eye-contact. As Devito (2002, p. 140) states: Research on the messages communicated by the eyes (a study known technically as oculesis) shows that these messages vary depending on the duration, direction, and quality of the eye behavior. For example, in every culture there are strict, though unstated, rules for the proper duration for eye contact. In the U.S. culture the average length of gaze is 2.95 seconds. The average length of mutual gaze (two persons gazing at each other) is 1.18 seconds. Interestingly, there are some functions about eye contact and eye-avoidance. The functions of eye-contact are to read the audiences face, and to let people know the beginning and the end of speech. In contrast, the functions of eye-avoidance are to protect ones privacy, and is also a signal of disinterest. In brief, physical body movements lead to the communication being achieved. The impact of electronics on communication enables people to communicate every minute of the day. As electronic devices have developed, our lives became more convenient, for example, hearing world news on television, holding a conversation via the internet online chatting, sharing documents by e-mail and giving opportunities to impaired people to study. Electronic communication is not only a new tool but also a new way of communication (Hiltz Turoff, 1993). However, the basic reason of all these could be used more efficiently is because there are no time limits. People in the world can contact each other whenever and wherever they want. With electronic communication, the recipient receives the message within a few seconds of the sender sending it (Buzzel, 2009,  ¶ 2) The recipient can read the message anytime, anywhere according to his convenience. Therefore, the easy access makes human communication more active. Electronic communication tools like so many others are incredibly fl exible. Email, discussion board postings, instant messages, and live chat can be conducted at any time during the day or night (Humnet, 2002,  ¶ 2). The Moodle system which is employed in the University of Waikato also assists the communication between students and lecturers. The students in Waikato University do not have to meet the professor in person, because they can use on the Moodle site and ask lecturer about questions or problems of the course. In addition, that system is not only for between students and lecturers, but for between students and students to share ideas whenever they need. If the students post a draft of their essay, their colleagues read it through and give a feedback on how well it is written. All this work is done in the 24 hour-Moodle system, so students do not have to make an appointment to meet in a physical space, which might be wasting their time. Communication is not fulfilled by one person. Communication works when there is more than one person to exchange ideas and information (Adler Rodman, 2008). In other words, the more people gather, the more lively their discussions will be. Actually, in considering communication with people who live in another country, we have to spend significant time and money in most cases. However, it is very economical to use the internet and cell phones which have not been really limited in space and time. In summary, availability of electronic communication whenever people want positively influences human communication. Improved electronic tools, which have an effect on communication, give us fast connections with other people. The meaning of speed is not directly related to efficiency, but the speed helps work to be finished efficiently. Dealing with the work rapidly means saving time, so saving time is economical and efficient. Promptness of connection makes communication to be proficient. Let us assume that we are in case of contacting our neighbors. Making a call on cell phone, sending an e-mail, and online chatting would be faster than visiting their place. We can get in touch with people quickly; meaning we can contact more people in the same amount of time. But for residents of low-income neighborhoods, high-speed Internet access means more than convenience: It could be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ economic opportunity (Varon, 2010,  ¶ 1). It can be seen that if we try to contact friends who are in overseas, we can feel that this fast connection is really economical. Actually, it is difficult to get in touch with international friends without electronic tools. This speedy contact gives us benefits of not only saving time and money, but being very useful in urgent situation. We often get breaking news from television, and internet news about which person passed away, what kind of incidents occurred, and the global economic state. The faster the news is delivered, the quicker the solution is raised. Informing news is also one of the communicational activities (Moore, n.d.). Additionally, there is another positive impact of rapidity, which is sharing documents via the internet. Sharing files that can be useful to other people is another kind of communication like studying (Moore, n.d.). Therefore, rapidity affects the efficient communication in the developed electronic age. My opinion on speaking English, which is not my mother-tongue language, is mainly based on the difficulty of understanding informal idioms. I will talk about the experience in New Zealand with speaking English and this paragraph is related to body paragraph one. With English being the universal language, most countries adopt English and make it into a subject at school. Especially, Korea which is my country emphasises cramming system of education, so the school starts at 8a.m. and finishes at 11p.m. However, all we have learnt in English class in Korea is mostly reading involving vocabulary and grammar. We do not have chances to learn informal idioms at all, because we do not have to speak the language. As for me, the unanticipated opportunity to study broad was given, and it was also a chance to feel that learning idioms is necessary. As said before, the reason idioms are difficult is the meaning of an idiom is different from the actual meaning. One of the idiomatic expressions that I know is I couldnt help it. One day, my Korean friend sent me a text to meet up in a cafe for lunch but I was really busy with preparing for a test and doing an assignment. Then, I replied Sorry, I cannot help it My intention was to tell her that I am not in a good situation to meet her right now. After that, she replied me again help I have many friends to have lunch with me à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dont think Im alone. She was little unpleasant that she did not want to be treated or helped just for having lunch. Finally, she figured out what I meant but it was a really embarrassing happening. Here is another example similar to mine. As Parkinson (1997, p.217) said: There was a brief item a year of two ago in an English newspaper about a motorist giving a lift to a young Frenchman who was hitchhiking. When the grateful passenger got out at his destination and thanked his benefactor rather profusely, his thanks were acknowledged by a brief Dont mention it. The Frenchman a little nonplussed but willing to co-operate, reply I wont tell anybody. Second language speakers have even more difficult with informal idioms than native speakers because second language speakers encounter idioms far less frequently in their lives (Beate, 2003). In short, in my opinion, informal idioms are difficult to speak in English which is not my native language. In conclusion, this assignment has focused on the reason of why communication fails while people are talking, which is particularly due to second language speakers being not conversant with idioms. Contrastingly, the reason people can talk with international people is because of non-verbal language. Also, this essay has talked about two positive influences of electronic devices on human communication; which are having communication access and the ability to exchange information fast. Finally, I have given my opinion about using English as a second language, examples of the difficulty faces with understanding informal idioms. On the whole, human communication can be interesting if people try to make the conversation succeed. It may be achieved by learning more informal idiomatic expressions, using gestures while talking, and using electronics in a positive way. Then, human communication would be really interesting and helpful for studying in peoples lives.

A Strong Work Ethic Essay -- Personal Narrative Dad Father Essays

A Strong Work Ethic He was just an average guy. Nothing special to most people, I guess. But to me, my dad exemplified the epitome of a hard-working, loyal employee. He hardly ever called in sick; and if he did, he was really sick. He never dreamed of arriving late, clocking out early, or shirking his duties. He was glad to have a job that provided for his family and spoke proudly of his job with General Motors. I can still recall him going off to work in his freshly-laundered, navy blue uniform. Mom would pack Dad a nutritious lunch and carefully slip it inside his gray, metal lunch box. Then he’d kiss her good-bye and strut proudly out the door. Dad worked all kinds of crazy schedules. Sometimes he worked the late shift, so we would eat together as a family when us kids arrived home from school. Then Dad would go off to work. This schedule was extremely difficult in the summer because Mom would have a tough time keeping us quiet so Dad could sleep. Even on those occasions when my brother and I would have one of our spats and wake Dad out of a sound sleep, he seemed to take it all in stride. It was amazing how quiet we got when we heard the bedroom door creak open. My mom would be frazzled and say, â€Å"Sorry, Honey, I know you need your rest.† Dad would shrug his shoulders and say, â€Å"Don’t worry about it.† Dad never really complained about much. He worked hard to make ends meet so Mom could stay home with me and my brother. Of course, that was pretty much how it was in most households back then. We didn’t have a lot of money, but Mom and Dad always put us kids first. They rarely bought anything for themselves that wasn’t considered a necessity but always made sure we had what we wanted. Dad wa... ...ut we can instill in our children an appreciation for hard work and doing a good job at whatever they do. A little less complaining and more willingness to give a little on both employees’ and employers’ parts would certainly go a long way. Treating each other with respect and appreciation helps to create a meaningful working relationship and fosters loyalty that is so often lacking in today’s workforce. As I look back on my life, I can picture Dad going out the door to work, just like it was yesterday. His flawless example and strong work ethic have influenced my life in so many areas. I have always admired him for putting his family first but am just beginning to realize how his attitudes toward work impacted my own life. His values and work ethic are now being passed on to my own children, and I wouldn’t want it any other way. A Strong Work Ethic Essay -- Personal Narrative Dad Father Essays A Strong Work Ethic He was just an average guy. Nothing special to most people, I guess. But to me, my dad exemplified the epitome of a hard-working, loyal employee. He hardly ever called in sick; and if he did, he was really sick. He never dreamed of arriving late, clocking out early, or shirking his duties. He was glad to have a job that provided for his family and spoke proudly of his job with General Motors. I can still recall him going off to work in his freshly-laundered, navy blue uniform. Mom would pack Dad a nutritious lunch and carefully slip it inside his gray, metal lunch box. Then he’d kiss her good-bye and strut proudly out the door. Dad worked all kinds of crazy schedules. Sometimes he worked the late shift, so we would eat together as a family when us kids arrived home from school. Then Dad would go off to work. This schedule was extremely difficult in the summer because Mom would have a tough time keeping us quiet so Dad could sleep. Even on those occasions when my brother and I would have one of our spats and wake Dad out of a sound sleep, he seemed to take it all in stride. It was amazing how quiet we got when we heard the bedroom door creak open. My mom would be frazzled and say, â€Å"Sorry, Honey, I know you need your rest.† Dad would shrug his shoulders and say, â€Å"Don’t worry about it.† Dad never really complained about much. He worked hard to make ends meet so Mom could stay home with me and my brother. Of course, that was pretty much how it was in most households back then. We didn’t have a lot of money, but Mom and Dad always put us kids first. They rarely bought anything for themselves that wasn’t considered a necessity but always made sure we had what we wanted. Dad wa... ...ut we can instill in our children an appreciation for hard work and doing a good job at whatever they do. A little less complaining and more willingness to give a little on both employees’ and employers’ parts would certainly go a long way. Treating each other with respect and appreciation helps to create a meaningful working relationship and fosters loyalty that is so often lacking in today’s workforce. As I look back on my life, I can picture Dad going out the door to work, just like it was yesterday. His flawless example and strong work ethic have influenced my life in so many areas. I have always admired him for putting his family first but am just beginning to realize how his attitudes toward work impacted my own life. His values and work ethic are now being passed on to my own children, and I wouldn’t want it any other way.

Machievelli Biography Essay

Machiavelli lived during the Renaissance era of the Medieval times. In this time period many concepts and ideas were being reborn, including the Christian faith. He lived during a time period in which the people of the time thought of the Black Plague as a symptom of judgment upon the sinfulness of the land. These same people began to scourge themselves in order to express their sorrow and therefore remove God’s judgment laid upon them. Although Machiavelli lived long after the fall of the Roman Empire, he lived in an Italy that had evolved into a war-torn battleground between the city state dynasties. There were conflicts between the French and Spanish for the control of land. Machiavelli lived in a time of growing political powers and a Christian community that was adapting and changing according to the claims of the Reformers. Machiavelli had a goal: he sought to create a dichotomy between ethical Christianity and the Ethical demands of political rule. The 15th and 16th century world focused on theologically reforming the Church. Many reformers of the time and before Machiavelli’s life, including the 14th century reformer John Wycliffe, wrote on how the papacy of the Church had grown far too powerful. During Machiavelli’s life St. Francis was teaching the commoners about Jesus, and the commoners began relating to Christ. The Church was not only effected by the reformers and the teachings of St. Francis, but it was also effected by itself; it was hurting itself. The church fought against the reformers, condemning them as heretics; the church was threatened by the words of reform. Machiavelli lived among the Christians and like many of the reformers he was seeking a reform between the Church and the State. Essentially, Machiavelli writes to prove that being a moral ruler and a person are two separate ideas, in the case of extreme circumstances and, like Luther, there are two kingdoms independent of each other. Machiavelli probably would’ve been considered a think tank of his time and he believed that a ruler, or anyone may publicly state that they are Christians yet exhibit no real conviction. In the eleventh chapter of The Prince Machiavelli argued that Ecclesiastical principalities were to be desired because the people who inhabited them were governed by their own religious laws. Machiavelli viewed these laws as tools, tools to prevent unruly citizens within the principalities rather than to enforce outside rules. Machiavelli idealizes an idea completely different from the church, that politics is something that deals with facts and not abstracts, that it is a challenge to the notion of both Pope Gregory VII and Pope Innocent III’s â€Å"Divine Right to rule.†3 Machiavelli realized that the divine right to rule theory is nothing but a religious idea that does not work with the present state of man. Machiavelli also understood that human corruption and sin is an unend ing problem that rulers need to deal with. Machiavelli continues by suggesting that being a moral leader does not mean that one is a good leader as good leadership leads to order, stability, and public good. He claimed that when order, stability, and public good are threatened a ruler cannot risk limiting their actions by piety or virtue. Machiavelli believed that morals stood in the way of success, that rulers need to learn how to not be good, and be willing to kill. While the religious leaders saw Machiavelli as non-Christian and destructive, Machiavelli states that leaders need to administer necessary evils in efforts to maintain order and stability within their rule, that humans can be predicted through reason. The Church saw his political agenda as lacking in Christian ethics; however, his political reform lines up with Christian thinkers and with Christian ethics of generosity, compassion, and even the golden rule as we see in Saint Augustine’s and St. Benedict’s writings. An initial consideration of Machiavelli’s thoughts on generosity, we notice that he believes it is good to be considered a generous person, but that it is dangerous to do so. Although sounding contradictory to Christianity, Machiavelli’s reasoning lies in the Christian idea of doing the most good for as many people as possible. Machiavelli argues that being generous requires that the ruler imposes new ways of revenue collection and therefore make his subjects hate him and lead to a guarantee that no one will think well of him.1 Machiavelli makes a similar case for compassion, in that it is better to be seen as cruel then it is to be viewed as loving, if necessary. He asserts that as the head of an army a ruler needs to â€Å"be prepared to be thought cruel.† The same Christian idea can be used to explain his argument as before. In the words of Star Trek’s Spock, â€Å"the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few†. Machiavelli states that its more compassionate to impose harshness on a few rather than make use of compassion and risk chaos to take place.2 If we look back to St. Augustine’s The City of God 4 we learn that rulers and people are dominated by their own selfish lust for power, whereas in the City of God, which Luther also makes notions of in his Doctrine of The Two Kingdoms, people serve one another in charity. Under this assumption we see that men do not serve out of charity, but rather serve in a situation of ‘do unto others as you would have done to yourself.’ Perhaps Machiavelli agreed with this view of Christianity. Machiavelli’s ruler never commits an act that they would not have done to themselves. I think the Machiavellian ruler loves their neighbor as much as themselves. Machiavelli sees the political field as a place for necessary evil. He believes, out of love, that some evil must take place in order to benefit the most people. Machiavelli saw the world he lived in as a two kingdom place, like Luther and St. Augustine did. He viewed human history for what it was, not what it could be; he saw people as evil and sick. Machiavelli’s picture of human history took into account the human equation, that we are sinful and therefore predictable, which he believes will lead to a better understanding of the future.

Students who push burgers: effects on education quality

The present thrust of university education is geared towards student’s independence, offering programs with part time study options to suit individual requirements and needs. For the fact that part time student’s performance complements the complexities of their drive and support system, the move to put on websites and electronic library access had so far supported the pressures of the student’s lifestyles and work-study habits. Part timers vary greatly from the needs of their full time counterparts as to age, socio-economic mix, educational background and motivations for continuing studies.It is imperative that a study of their part time rates and family context be inducted to help resolve problems on unaffordable tuition fees. Learning while earning as a part time student, molded me into a more mature person in the aspect of working to sustain education and meeting basic personal and family needs. I raise my hand to disagree Minot’s theory that the quali ty of education suffers when a student works simply by basing from the prerequisites involving good education founded as the case of a dedicated student, a comprehensive curriculum, quality assurance issues of the teacher, and the applied teaching methodology of the university.In the case of the student, we all have to deal with his capability to develop time management and assess priorities. Time management in the sense that the student shall be able to determine the number of hours that he need to work to generate the level of income sufficient for him to survive life. A kind of timetable to determine the number of hours appropriated for his studies, quality time with family and for personal matters of rest and leisure. The student’s sense of responsibility is then developed to exact appropriations regarding budget constraints and active participation in decisions centered on his own and shared family functions.The car was marked to be a necessity rather than a form of luxu ry in the part of the student. Minot’s theory was simply based on his sarcasm of buying what teenage people want, like the designer jeans, as if he hasn’t undergone the age and the stage. The culture of employed students is ultimate freedom to express their rights and their needs as relevant as the issues of quantity or quality of work from students. It is the process of undergoing through the different stages of life cycles and advancing into the domains of maturity which seems to be happening at a different pace in each individual with no exemptions made to full time students.Relatively, the decline of the American education cannot be solely based on the students alone, part time or full time, because bigger consideration shall be taken into the kind of curriculum that was created by the University in partnership with the Department of Education presented to us for the taking. They alone have the authority to know the technicality to prove probable strengths and weak nesses of the course and what it could produce to a student like me. It is simply formation guide to education. They are solely responsible for what molds our minds and spirits to sustain nationwide progress and development.We are just selecting from their list which path or place in their coursework and designs of progress we forecast to place ourselves. I agree that sometimes students could be so tired from work that they have the tendency to take their studies for granted and go to rest instead of studying. But I also insist on the fair ability of the students who have the initiative to learn how to cope up with stress and exhibit flexibility with regards to health, time management, and assessment of priorities which I have already discussed earlier.It is the determination of the individual to succeed and get what he wants in life that our context of preference shall be discussed and not the negative speculation of the present situation. For humans may experience success or failu re at any time in his life but still survive because of that spirit of determination. Now if we continue to look into the discussion of the third factor which is the quality assurance issues of the instructor, we can then specify some problems in the management and evaluation of tutor personalities relating to their maturity and flexibility to handle difficulties in tutoring students.One concept is the type of comments placed on written assignments which reflects tutors integrity and affects the immediate enthusiasm of the students to perform and carry on with the coursework. Another aspect is the applied teaching methodology as implemented by the University directives interfacing with the students as it transform when integrated with the personal reflections and methods of the instructor himself.Methods and the way teachers relay and convey ideas are something that is personal and shall be exact but not boring. Somehow, personal styles in teaching make it either difficult or easy f or the students to comprehend the subject in taking. I sincerely express that motivation and external support plays a vital role in increasing the population of the professionals to sustain national progress and not limited to the inability of the student’s parents to support their education and the student’s option to earn to sustain education.

Of Mice And Men Essays (489 words) - English-language Films, Films

Of Mice And Men Essays (489 words) - English-language Films, Films Of Mice And Men George was in a state of shock after he had shot Lennie. All of the workers were suspicious of George and they were all talking about the incident when George went back home. Curley was very angry and he was looking to cause trouble as usual. Curley came up with a preposterous idea that George had planned to kill Lennie. He told all the workers that George was to have Lennie do all the work and then George would rake in all the pay. He said that Lennie didnt like it anymore and he threatened to tell on George. Curley said that George was just looking for a reason to shoot his friend. After George had told everyone of Georges plan they were going to confront George. When they did, George threw a punch at Curley and a fight broke out between George and most of the workers. George got thrown to the ground and thats when Slim stepped in. Slim threatened to hurt every one of them if they didnt go away. The next day when George had awakened from his bloody beating, Slim had told George that Curleys father had canned the both of them. Slim and George were trying to figure out what they were going to do. George remembered that he told the old couple that he would take the farm. When he told Slim about the idea of the farm, Slim agreed and they tried to come up with the money. Between George, Slim, and Candy, they only had 500 dollars, which included what they had already sent to the old couple. They thought and thought of an idea to get another 100 dollars, but there was no possible way they could. They had all packed up and they were ready to be on their way. They began to walk out into the forest and to see what new obstacles they would have to overcome. George and Slim heard hooves off in the distance. All of the sudden they saw two men on horses in the distance. One of the men was white and the other was black. When they got near, George and Slim realized that it was Candy and Crooks! When they got off the horses, Crooks took out 100 dollars and handed it to George. They all were jumping and yelling with happiness. George looked up and yelled we finally did it, we finally did! They made camp and the next day George mailed off the letter with the rest of the money. With the four men on horses they were on their way to their new life. They reached the farm a few days later to greet the old couple. They looked around and the place needed a fixing up, but to them the place was a dream farm. They realized that they had overcome their challenges and they were ready to start a new beginning.

Enhancement And Minutiae Extraction Of Touchless Fingerprint Science Essay Essays

Enhancement And Minutiae Extraction Of Touchless Fingerprint Science Essay Essays Enhancement And Minutiae Extraction Of Touchless Fingerprint Science Essay Essay Enhancement And Minutiae Extraction Of Touchless Fingerprint Science Essay Essay Abstract Touch based feeling techniques generate batch of mistake in biometric designation. The solution for this job is touchless fingerprint engineering. They do non have any contact between the detector A ; finger. Although they cut down the jobs of touch based finger prints, other troubles are limited useable country and difference Problem due to perspective deformation in finger print. The Proposed method for touchless fingerprint. Image sweetening and minutiae extraction is introduced. Image sweetening is largely required preprocessing system for finger based biometric system. Normally the touchless device is holding a individual camera and two planing machine mirrors which reflecting side positions of a finger. From this we get three images usually frontal left and right finger. Experimental consequence shows that the enhanced images increase the biometric truth. Index footings pyramidal method, Gabor, touchless fingerprint, thinning, standardization, finger sweetening, adaptative histogram. I Introduction A fingerprint is composed of ridges and vales. Ridges have assorted sorts of discontinuity such as ridge bifurification and ridge terminations, and short ridges, islands and ridge cross over s. Among this discontinuity, ridge bifurification and ridge stoping are normally used in fingerprint identification/verification system and are called minutiae [ 1 ] .For the processing of fingerprint images two phases are of polar importance for the success of biometric reorganisation: image enhancement/feature minutiae extraction. The traditional fingerprint processing engineerings are applied instantly after feeling. But a better thing is an optional image sweetening in fingerprint images. In realistic scenarios though, the quality of a fingerprint image may endure from assorted damages, caused by tonss and cuts, moist or dry tegument, detector noise, fuzz incorrect handling of detector and weak ridge, valley form of the given fingerprint, etc. the undertaking of the fingerprint sweetening is to antagonize the aforementioned quality damages and to retrace the existent fingerprint form as hint to it original as possible. [ 2 ] Fingerprints are acquired by contact of the finger on paper or a glass home base. This frequently consequences in partial or debauched images due to improper finger arrangement, skin distortion, slippage, smearing or detector noise some of the touch based are shown in fig 1. A recent touchless device that can bring forth three assorted representation of fingerprint this new feeling engineering removes many of the jobs stated above [ 3 ] from wear and tear of surface coating. To get the better of these sorts of jobs, a touchless fingerprint feeling engineering has been proposed that do non hold the contact between a detector and a finger. Therefore, the fingers and ridge information can non be changed or distorted as it will be free of skin distortion. Besides, it can capture fingerprint images systematically because it is non affected by different s kin conditions or latent fingerprints. Figure: 1. Distorted images acquired from a touch-based detector. Recently, several companies and research groups have developed touchless fingerprint detectors and acknowledgment systems [ 4 ] [ 6 ] . TST Group developed a touchless imaging detector ( BiRD III ) which uses a complementary metal-organic-semiconductor ( CMOS ) camera, and ruddy and green visible radiation beginnings to get fingerprint images [ 4 ] . Song et Al. [ 5 ] proposed a detection system with a individual charged-coupled device ( CCD ) camera and dual ring-type blue illuminators to capture high contrast images. Besides, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation proposed another touchless attack conveying the visible radiation through the finger [ 6 ] , geting fingerprint forms under the surface of skin utilizing visible radiation with a wavelength of 660 nanometer. However, such feeling systems [ 4 ] [ 6 ] have an built-in job as they use merely a individual capturing device, such as CMOS or CCD cameras. when capturing an image utilizing a individual Camera, the geometrical declarati on of the fingerprint image decreases from the fingerprint centre towards the side country [ 7 ] . Therefore, false characteristics may be obtained in the side country and it reduces the valid and utile part for hallmark. Furthermore, if there is a position difference between images due to thumb peal, it reduces the common country between fingerprints and degrades system public presentation. To work out this job, 3-D touchless feeling systems utilizing more than one position have been explored [ 8 ] [ 11 ] . TBS [ 8 ] used five cameras placed around a finger to capture nail-to-nail fingerprint images and generated a 3-D fingerprint image utilizing the shape-from-silhouette method. They so unwrapped the 3-D finger image onto a 2-D image by utilizing parametric and nonparametric theoretical accounts to do rolled-equivalent images [ 9 ] . Fatehpuria et Al. [ 10 ] proposed a 3-D touchless device utilizing multiple cameras and structured light light ( SLI ) . The structured visible radi ation forms are projected onto a finger to obtain its 3-D form information and 2-D unfolded images are generated by using Springs algorithm and some station processing stairss. Besides, the Hand Shot ID system was developed to get a 3-D form of a manus with fingers by sewing images from 36 cameras [ 11 ] . Although all these methods attempted to work out the jobs in touch-based detectors and get expanded fingerprint images with less skin distortion, they did non raise much involvement in the market because of much higher costs compared to conventional touch-based detectors. Sing the above observations, we adopt a new touchless feeling strategy utilizing a individual camera and a set of mirrors. The mirrors work as practical cameras, therefore enabling the gaining control of an expanded position of a fingerprint at one clip without utilizing multiple cameras. The device consists of a individual camera, two planar mirrors, light-emitting rectifying tube ( LED ) -based illuminators, and a lens. Two two-dimensional mirrors are used to reflect the left and right side position of a finger. In this paper we proposed a new method to heighten the touchless finger print and to pull out the minutiae informations. II. SYSTEM DESIGN: To get the better of the position difference job and the restriction of a individual position, some touchless fingerprinting systems capture several different positions of a finger by utilizing multiple cameras. However, utilizing multiple cameras increases the cost and size of a system. Therefore, we adopt a new detection system which captures three different positions ( frontal, right, and left ) at one clip by utilizing a individual camera and two planar mirrors. Figs. 2 ( a ) and ( B ) show the paradigm and conventional position of the device. As shown in Fig. 2, two mirrors are placed next to the finger and reflect the right and left side positions of the finger. Then, the frontal position and two mirror-reflected positions are captured by a individual camera at the same time. A mirror-reflected image is regarded as the flipped image taken by a practical camera placed at a different way compared to the existent 1. Therefore, we can capture three different positions of a finger print utilizing merely one Fig. 2. Proposed device. Prototype of the device. ( B ) Schematic position of the device. Camera and besides avoid the synchronism job bing in multiple camera-based systems. In add-on, to obtain high-quality fingerprint images, we need to see several optical constituents in order to plan the device. The specifications of the optical constituents are as follows: Camera and lens: We use a 1/3-in progressive scan type CCD with 1024 768 active pels, where the pel size is 4.65 ten 4.65 m. This camera offers a sufficient frame rate of 29 Hz, therefore avoiding image blurring caused by typical finger gesture [ 31 ] . Besides, we use simple equations [ see ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) ] to plan an equal lens for our system. ( 1 ) ( 2 ) Where degree Fahrenheit is the lens focal length, P and Q are the lens-to-object and lens-to-image distances, severally, and M is the optical magnification. Normally, the needed image declaration for touch-based detectors is 500 dpi. Therefore, to guarantee a 500-dpi spacial declaration in the fingerprint country and to cover three position fingerprints, the optical magnification parametric quantity M, the lens to image distance, and field of position ( FOV ) are determined as 0.1, 170 millimeter, and 50 tens 38 millimeters, severally. By making this, we can capture three position images with 500-dpi declaration at one clip. Besides, the deepness of field ( DOF ) of the lens ranges from -2.6 to +2.6 millimeter at a given working distance and it usually covers the half deepness of a finger. Light: Sing the coefficient of reflection of human tegument to assorted light beginnings, we used annular white LED illuminators and a set base on balls filter which can convey green visible radiation to heighten the ridge-to-valley contrast. Besides, the illuminators are placed perpendicular to the finger to take the shadowing consequence. Diffusers are used to light a finger uniformly. Foreground separation Gabor filtering Standardization Pyramidal method Thining Minutiae extraction Figure: 3. Overall flow chart of the proposed method Mirror: Two planar mirrors are positioned following to the left and right side of the finger and the mirror size is determined to cover the maximal thumb size. To supply plenty overlapping country between frontal- and side-view images, the angles of the mirrors are determined 15 through empirical observation. Besides, the mirrors can be used as nog to put a user s finger steadfastly on the device. III. PROPOSED Method: In this subdivision, we explain the Enhancement method for synthesising an expanded fingerprint image from frontal- and side-view images. The overall strategy of the method is presented in Fig. 3 the method is chiefly composed of six phases ( foreground separation, standardization, Gabor filtering, pyramidic method, thinning, and minutiae extraction ) . In foreground separation we will make the morphological operation, in standardization we pre-process the image etcaˆÂ ¦ Foreground separation: Using morphological operation we use the eroding followed by dilation, this can be done up to needed clip. Mathematical morphology is a method used for treating the digital images on their [ 19 ] DILATE map will returns the dilation of Image given. This operator is normally known as FILL, EXPAND, or Turn It can be used to make full holes of a size equal to or smaller than the structuring component with binary images, where each pel is either 1 or 0 , [ 15 ] [ 19 ] dilation is similar to whirl. It can be used to handily implement the vicinity upper limit operator with the form of the vicinity given by the structuring component. Used with greyscale images, the ERODE map is accomplished by taking the lower limit of a set of differences. It can be used to handily implement the vicinity lower limit operator with the form of the vicinity given by the structuring component. Standardization: The procedure of taking the effects of the detector noise and gray-level background due to thumb force per unit area differences. The aim of this phase is decrease the dynamic scope with grey graduated table between ridges and vales of the image.Normalization factor is calculated harmonizing to the mean and the discrepancy of the image. Each and every pel in the fingerprint image has to be processed to happen the average value. The mean value of all the pels is deliberate i.e, the average value. By comparing the average value with the current pel the replacing can be performed. Standardization facilitates the subsequent processing stairss. Let G ( I ; J ) denote the normalized gray-level value at pel ( I ; J ) . The normalized image is defined as follows: Where, M0 and V AR0 denote the coveted mean and discrepancy value, severally. Most fingerprint images on a live-scan input device are normally of hapless quality. The fingerprint image is smoothed with an norm or average filter. Gabor filtering: A Gabor filter is a additive filter used in image processing for border sensing. Frequency and orientation representations of human ocular system are similar to those of Gabor filter and it has been found to be appropriate for the texture representation and favoritism. The Gabor filters are self similar utilizing this we can bring forth all filters parent ripple by the dilation and rotary motion its impulse response can be shown by harmonic map and they are multiplied by a Gaussian map [ 16 ] [ 21 ] Because of the multiplication-convolution belongings ( Convolution theorem ) , Where And In this equation, I » represents wavelength, I? represents orientation, I? represents the stage beginning, I? is the sigma [ 16 ] of the Gaussian envelope and I? represents the spacial facet ratio, D ) Pyramidal method: Pyramid decomposition requires resizing ( scaling, or geometric transmutation ) . To make our Gaussian and Laplacian like pyramids, we define the cut down ( I, K ) and expand ( I, K ) operations, which lessening and increase an image in size by the factor K, severally. During cut down, the image is ab initio low-pass filtered to forestall aliasing utilizing a Gaussian kernel.2. The latter s standard divergence depends on the resizing factor, which here follows the lower edge estimate of the corresponding ideal low-pass filter, [ 18 ] . We ab initio cut down the original fingerprint image FP by a factor of in order to except the highest frequences. In a farther measure, we Table 1 Pyramidal edifice procedure Pyramidal decomposition Gaussian like Laplacian-like G1=reduce ( fp, k0 ) G2=reduce ( g1.k ) L1=g1-expand ( g2, K ) L2=g2-expand ( g3, K ) Reduce the image size by a factor K for three times. This is besides outlined on the upper left manus side of Table I. To make images incorporating merely band limited signals of the original image, we expand the three images by factor and subtract each of them from the following lower degree. Cutting: The THIN map returns the lineation of a bi-level image the of an object in an image the consequence is a byte type image in [ 17 ] which outline part are set to two and all other pels are zero. Minutiae extraction: A characteristic extractor finds the ridge terminations and ridge bifurcations from the input fingerprint images. If ridges can be absolutely located in an input fingerprint image, so minutiae extraction is merely a fiddling undertaking of pull outing remarkable points in a cut ridge map. However, in pattern, it is non ever possible to obtain a perfect ridge map. The public presentation of presently available minutiae extraction algorithms depends to a great extent on the quality of the input fingerprint images. Due to a figure of factors ( deviant formations of cuticular ridges of fingerprints, postpartum Markss, occupational Markss, jobs with acquisition devices, etc. ) , fingerprint images may non ever have chiseled ridge constructions. A dependable minutiae extraction algorithm is critical to the public presentation of an automatic individuality hallmark system utilizing fingerprints. Minutiae are extracted from the thinned image by utilizing the Crossing Number algorithm. Pi a 0 or 1 in the 3*3 Neighbor of P Characteristic of CN CN Fictional character 0 Isolated point 2 End point 4 Bifurcation point IV Experimental consequences: For the experimental consequences we acquired 100 set of finger print images, each set contain frontal, left and right position images. One of the used images set is shown in the Fig: 4.1 and the enhanced image is besides sown in the Fig: 4.2. The minutiae extraction consequences besides expressed in Fig: 4.3. The most definite index of touchless image quality is the figure of true minutiae to boot extracted. Figure: 4.1 Input images Figure: 4.2 Enhanced image Figure: 4.3 Minutiae Human experts prove that the more true minutiae extracted from the enhanced image. The touchless fingers are better than the conventional touch based fingers, that decision can be deviate from the consequences. The finger print quality look intoing methods compare the foreground size of the fingers. Here foreground means the good quality parts of the finger print. The foreground size steps are tabulated as follows: Table I Average INCREASING Rate OF FOREGROUND SIZE IN TERMS OF EACH Measurement Quality measuring Average addition rate of foreground size Standard divergence [ 12 ] 28.65 % Coherence [ 13 ] 33.72 % Gradient based method [ 14 ] 30.81 % However we can anticipate that our enhanced image can be doing high public presentation when position difference image are matched. The Table I shows the consequence of our enhanced image. V Decision AND FUTURE WORK This paper proposes a new method for touchless fingerprint detection images. To acquire the better minutiae extraction, the three fingerprints ( frontal, left, right ) are enhanced utilizing Gabor and pyramidic method. For experimental consequences, the enhanced fingerprints are holding better enhanced ridges and vales. Besides minutiae extraction besides handled. The consequences are analysed and described in tabular arraies and graph format. In this paper we limits the research work up to minutiae extraction, his research can be continued on mosaicing of the three enhanced images. Feature work can be done on the same construct. Harmonizing to the consequence, it is concluded that the proposed system generate better sweetening on touchless fingerprint than the bing methods.

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Failed IT Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Failed IT Project - Research Paper Example IT project teams emphasize on developing software using unsophisticated codes that would facilitate its functionality. Simplicity facilitates the ease of implementation of the project. In addition, monitoring the functionality of the project is far much easier (Smite, Agerfalk & Moe, 1998). Thus, a project that emphasizes on the complexity from the outset will ultimately faces many difficulties in its design and implementation. It was evident that the complexity of the baggage handling system would lead to enormous problems in implementation and design. The system was too complex that the programmers had to develop it in two years. In fact, it was the most complex baggage handling system ever developed. This was because the system would serve a mammoth airport that was twice the size of Manhattan that had more than 20 major airlines. In designing complex systems, it is vital that the complexity of the systems is manageable during the not only during its development but also in its ma intenance. However, the BAE engineers designed a system that had high coupling and had widespread and inconsistent points of failure (Kerzner, 2004). This led to many problems during the testing of the system. In designing complex IT projects, the engineers must ensure that there is modularity in the operations. Modularity makes complexity of the projects manageable. In addition, it facilitates the undertaking of parallel work and accommodates future uncertainties. In projects with modular architecture, substitution of new designs with older ones is relatively cheap. (Liso, 2009). However, in undertaking the automation of the DIA ABS there was not modularity in the activities of the project. Lack of modularity posed serious problems especially after DIA and BAE changed the design of the system to accommodate the requests made by the airline companies. Lack of modularity led to faults that were evident during the testing of the system in the media's presence. Telecars crushed into each other and flung the baggage spewing out the contents of the baggage (Kock, 2006). In

This document needs reivison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

This document needs reivison - Essay Example Most specifically, the report had serious grammatical and mechanical errors and lacked coherence as well as flow of ideas. As such, the report was vague and difficult to read and understand. Most assuredly, I have recently stated my dissatisfaction and warned you against presenting such wanting reports but you have not demonstrated any attempt towards addressing these concerns. Although I appreciate your continued positive input and creativity to the firm, I feel that your poorly written report is demeaning the image and reputation of our esteemed firm. It should be clear that future reports should strictly follow the established writing standards and the report guidelines set out by the firm. Any employee who needs assistance in adhering to the writing guidelines defined by the firm should seek relevant help from the management or attend various in house workshops held in our firm. Indeed, professionals in the corporate scene provide significant information to employees attending the monthly in house workshops. Moreover, I am always available to offer any assistance geared towards your success and that of the company. Nevertheless, you should beware that this is your last warning and failure to adhere to the writing guidelines defined by the firm will lead to serious consequences that may include suspension. The company would highly regret such consequences and hence I advise you to consider my concerns in a positive and serious way. I am sure you will address yourself to these concerns and maintain a good working relationship with your colleagues and the firm at large. I encourage you to remain focused and work towards achieving the company’s goals. Indeed, if you have any questions or suggestions on these expectations, please feel free to contact me at the most convenient time. I am always pleased to address the expectations of the firm with you and I hope my concerns will help you to maximize your potential in this

Developing Oral Language Summary Essay Example for Free

Developing Oral Language Summary Essay Oral language and written language are essential skills that are needed for comprehension. Comprehension is defined as an understanding of oral and written language. In order for a child to comprehend what they are reading, several factors must come into play. Reading and decoding the words effortlessly without errors is the main step toward comprehension. When a child is reading text, they are experiencing phonemic awareness by sounding out the words in their mind. Writing is the next step toward comprehension. Writing goes hand in hand with reading. When a child is writing, they are also sounding out the words in their mind. Adults play a huge role in how children develop oral language skills. Automatic language is part of our everyday routines and children learn by â€Å"listening and speaking, phonological awareness and alphabetic knowledge, print awareness, comprehension, and writing† (Virginia.gov, n.d.). When students are learning to read and write, they do so simultaneously. It used to be thought that students should learn how to read first and then learn how to write. However, research has shown that learning to write while learning to read is important and vital in the development of reading (Pearson, D. 2007). A student needs to be able to read and write fluently in order to comprehend the material. In order to comprehend academic language, which is what students will use in school, there are certain concepts that a student must learn. Students need to learn syntax which is how words are formed to be able to create sentences void of errors. Students need to semantics which is defined as the meaning of language. Students should be able to cognitively understand and think about what they are reading. They also need to know how to use the language which is known as pragmatics. Through the use of various resources, students build up their vocabulary and strengthen their abilities to read fluently. â€Å"†¦the larger the reader’s vocabulary (either oral or print), the easier it is to make sense of the text† (National Institute,.n.d.). At this point, they will learn text structure and how sentences are strewn together. Of course, this all depends on what genre of text they are attempting to read and how complex the text in regards to the grade specific text they are reading. Being able to comprehend what one is reading all depends on what mood the student is in at the time. The student should be motivated and interested in the reading material. They need to understand the purpose of the reading; is it for enjoyment or for a school assignment? All of these are key factors that lead to comprehension. Another element of comprehension is cognitive targets. Cognitive targets are defined as the way a person comprehends or thinks about what is being read. The targets are locate and recall, integrate and interpret, and critique and evaluate. Locate and recall refers to locating or recalling something specific, such as the main idea, about the text they have read. Integrate and interpret refers to how a student can explain or compare what they have read. Critique and evaluate refers to how a student exams the text or evaluates certain parts of the text. Students practice these cognitive targets in both literary and informational texts. Examples of literary text include poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. â€Å"Informational texts include three broad categories: exposition; argumentation and persuasive text; and procedural text and documents texts† (NAEP). There are specific forms of instruction to improve comprehension and are most effective when taught together if possible. Comprehension monitoring is when a person is aware that they understand what is being read. Cooperative learning is when a group of students learn to read together. Graphic and semantic organizers are tools that readers use to represent material so that it is easier to comprehend. Question generation and question answering is when a reader asks themselves questions about the text and answers questions from the teacher. Story structure is when students are able to remember the main part of the story and answer questions about the story. Summarization is when a student reads text material and is able to generalize the entire text into a shorter passage. According to the article, Writing to Read, â€Å"instructional recommendations have shown clear results for improving students’ reading† (Graham S., Hebert. M., 2010). When these are other instructional methods are implemented into the reading process, comprehension can be very effective. This is especially true if these methods are built on top of an already developed language, strong background knowledge, and a high vocabulary. When teaching students comprehension through oral language and writing, teachers need to incorporate English language learners into their curriculum. English language learners may have linguistic issues and cultural background issues that are not only preventing comprehension, but also preventing reading and writing to begin with. As a teacher, it is crucial to first assess the ELL’s reading status to find out exactly where they are in the reading process. If so, what strategies can be implemented to better teacher the ELL’s. Also, a teacher needs to assess whether the student’s cultural background is preventing them from understanding the language. If this is the case, the teacher needs to learn the student’s background in order to assess where they are coming from academically. Not unlike native English learners, socioeconomic background can have an effect on how an ELL student is doing in school. According to the article, Cultural and Linguistic Impact, Patricia C. Salazar explains, â€Å"A student who comes from an educated middle-class family will have a different approach to learning than one who comes from a war-torn region of the world where food is scarce, and tragedy and trauma are daily occurrences† (Salazar, PC. 2009). Teaching an ELL student how to develop oral and written language will come from a successful assessment of the student. In order for a student to be successful at comprehension, oral language and written language skills must be mastered first. Reading is enhanced by written language and writing is enhanced by oral language. To facilitate a child’s learning, parents and teachers should provide as many resources as possible to accomplish this. In order to comprehend oral and written language, the student needs to be motivated and be reading grade specific text in order for the student to retain what they are reading. Cognitive targets are useful in facilitating comprehension and used regularly. Teachers also use different forms of instruction when teaching students how to build oral and written language. Finally, when teaching English language learners how to develop oral and written language, it is imperative that the teacher first learn of any linguistic or background issues and adjust their curriculum accordingly. It is crucial that educators teach students how to develop oral and written language in order to be successful academically. References Graham, S. Hebert, M. (2010). Writing to Read: Evidence for how Writing can Improve Reading. Vanderbilt University. Carnegie Corporation, NY. Retrieved from: http://carnegie.org/fileadmin/Media/Publications/WritingToRead_01.pdf Language Development. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://languagedevelopment.tripod.com/id11.html Language and Literacy Language. (n.d.). Retrieved from: and Literacy http://www.dss.virginia.gov/files/division/cc/provider_training_development/intro_page/publications/milestones/milestones_individually/05.pdf National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Retrieved from: http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/reading/whatmeasure.asp National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2000). What Works in Comprehension Instruction. Retrieved from: http://www.readingrockets.org/article/105/ Pearson, D.P. (2007). Reading Researcher Advocates Strengthening Literacy Programs Through Reading-Writing Synergy. Retrieved from: https://portal.flsouthern.edu/ICS/icsfs/reading_writing_synergy.pdf?target=7fde5bd4-34ca-4c2a-9b7b-3cf7f64718b8

Reflective essay relating to a patient with COPD

Reflective essay relating to a patient with COPD INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this essay is to adopt Rolfe, Freshwater and Jasper (2001) model of reflection in reflecting upon my experience in practice placement while caring for a patient with a long term condition. This model will help to identify the learning needs and how it may be achieved. To maintain confidentiality in this essay with respect to the NMC code of conduct, I will be keeping the patient’s information anonymous, thus will be referred to as Elizabeth. Reflection is an important element of learning (Arbel, 2009). John and Freshwater (2005) defined reflection as assessing previous experience to develop tacit and intuitive knowledge. Rolfe et al (2001) model of reflection propose a framework that uses Borton’s (1970) developmental model. Pryce (2002) explains that, this model is a simplistic cycle that is based upon three sample questions to reflect on a situation: What? So what? Now what? Hence, it is vital that student nurses reflect regularly so as to improve their practice, knowledge, skills and behaviour to care for their patients to the best of their ability. Ultimately, Botten (2012) stresses the importance of reflection for student nurses, as it enriches their clinical learning, enabling them to learn more about themselves and the way they practice. WHAT I met Elizabeth during my previous practice placement at the surgical ward, she is 70 years old and was diagnosed with severe chronic bronchitis approximately 8 years ago. She was admitted to the ward due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to Kauffman (2014), bronchitis is the Inflammation of the bronchi associated with partial obstruction of the bronchi by secretions or constriction. Chronic bronchitis is also included under the umbrella of COPD (Jindal Vijayan, 2011). In regards to NICE (2010), about 3 million people have COPD in the UK, 900,000 have diagnosed COPD and an estimated 2 million people have COPD which remains undiagnosed. Also, according to department of health (2010) COPD mainly affect people aged over 45 with a history of smoking. SO WHAT Elizabeth stated that she was experiencing progressive dyspnea and increased cough. McCann (2007) stated, with chronic bronchitis, increased accessory use of muscles may be chronic and is preceded by a productive cough, sputum production and shortness of breath. At the time of assessment during admission, Elizabeth reported that she has been unable to care for herself and has difficulty managing her daily activities as she lives alone. Elizabeth’s personal hygiene appeared to have deteriorated and she was only able to speak in short sentences. Elizabeth’s personal hygiene was deteriorating as a result of her inability to self-care. According to Field Smith (2008), hygiene is fundamental for all people. The nurses used Roper et al (2001) and Orem (1991) nursing models in meeting Elizabeth hygiene needs. In addition to Field Smith (2008), it is stated that, this nursing models helps patients to achieve the activities associated with their daily life independently. Following the care plan, the nurse assessed Elizabeth’s hygiene needs, taking into consideration any deficit that may affect her ability to care for herself. The nurse made sure that appropriate personal hygiene care including washing, oral care, hair care, mouth care and nail care was provided and this was discussed with Elizabeth in order to ensure her needs are fully met by protecting her right to privacy and personal choice. DOH (2003), states that personal hygiene is the physical act of cleansing the body to ensure that the skin, hair and nails are maintained in optimum condition. Dingwall (2010) also suggested that assisting patient in meeting their hygiene needs as well as helping them can develop a nurse-patient relationship and allow a skilled practitioner to assess how the patient is improving mentally and physically. Due to the exacerbations, she had problems eating and swallowing, hence, simple routine nutritional screening was performed using a validated nutritional screening tool such as Malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST). According to Rice (2006) nutritional support is a vital part of nursing care because many patients with COPD are malnourished. This nutrition screening was carried out so that changes in her weight can be identified immediately and dietary changes can be started to improve her nutritional status as soon as possible. Specific dietary advice and support as well as general advice for meal planning were reinforced. Nazarko (2002) emphasised that, nutritional status is crucial to patient’s state of health. Referral to dietician and speech and language therapists was made to optimise her nutritional status, and assess and treat her swallowing difficulties. According Evans (2012), swallowing difficulties can make patient’s eating and drinking difficult and c an often result in patients losing weight if no adequate support is given. Hence, Adjustment of food flavour, texture, density and temperature was made to help minimize dysphasia. Any liquid given such as water or ensure was thickened as they are difficult for the tongue to control and can easily splash into the trachea (Weetch, 2001). Due to concerns regarding Elizabeth inability to carry out daily activities safely without risk of falls or accidents, which may result detrimental effect upon her health and quality of life, referral to the following members of multi-disciplinary team was made for further assessment to assist with her daily activities of living that may enable her to continue to live within her home safely. These members of multi-disciplinary team included; social services, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, social workers and age concern. According to Karen Aidin (2011), Dyspnea causes many patients with COPD to withdraw from day-to-day activities and hobbies. Referral to rehabilitation services was considered to improve her breathing, oxygenation and endurance (NICE, 2006). Home care aide services were considered to assist Elizabeth with her activities of daily living care. Rice (2006) suggested, in planning care, it will be crucial to determine what activities of daily living the patient c an perform. NOW WHAT In becoming an efficient nurse, there are some areas of improvement that needs to be considered for future practice such as; understanding more about activities of daily living for COPD patients, having more knowledge on assessment discharge, how they are done, package of care for COPD patients. These learning needs will be achieved through working closely within the multi-disciplinary team. According to Nehring Lashley (2010), working within multi-disciplinary will give the student opportunity to enhance their professional skills and knowledge of patient’s care. Also, reading more about COPD exacerbation will enable the student to recognise a patient having exacerbation if it re-occurs in future practice, knowing how to manage their condition effectively, hence, providing high quality care. CONCLUSION COPD is a debilitating illness which causes patient’s emotional, social, psychological and physical distress due to the impact on daily living. This reflective essay has helped the student acknowledge the importance of reflection within practice as it allows professionals to convey thoughts of how they can improve on their practice to enhance effective delivery of care.

Rodrigo’s Reconcile Essay -- essays research papers

Rodrigo’s Reconcile   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reconciliation means to bring back together. In Reconciliation the way we are brought back together with the community is by asking forgiveness. Forgiveness means to pardon or spare. In Greek it means to send forth, put away, and yield up. The other meaning is to give up the desire to punish or to cancel a debt. Jesus gave us the sacrament of Reconciliation. We were granted this sacrament so whenever we turn away from God we have the choice of asking forgiveness so we can be reunited with Him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The four steps in the sacrament of Reconciliation are confession, contrition, penance, and absolution. The first step is confession which allows people to reunite with God by admitting their sins. Before you can heal mentally and spiritually you have to admit your sins. Rodrigo, who was a former slave trader and mercenary, committed a grave sin. He killed his younger brother who he raised as a kid when his parents died. Rodrigo didn’t mean to kill his brother, but it happened during a time of rage against his brother for stealing his girlfriend. Rodrigo knew and accepted the fact that he killed his brother, but he couldn’t let it go. He was really hard on himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After realizing you have sinned against someone, the next step is asking forgiveness from God. Rodrigo Mendosa after killing his brother could not ask forgiveness from God. It was because he couldn’t forgive himself. He needed someone to help him and be with him. At this time along cam...

Ancient Burials Essay examples -- Cultural Culture Death Essays

Ancient Burials When someone dies in our society we immediately think of ritualistic burial ceremonies, for example a religious service or open casket. Regardless of where you are from or what your cultural background is every culture has its own method and traditions associated with death. Burials dating back to 15,000-27,660 years ago are culturally and symbolically advanced burials. Therefore providing evidence to represent how socially and culturally advanced modern Homo sapiens really were. However there are those individuals including Anthropologists themselves who refute this statement. They do not believe that modern Homo sapiens that date back this far can possibly be as socially and culturally advanced as I believe them to be. These individuals believe that the evidence and examples including the articles of, The Triple Burial of Dolni Vestonice and The Cap Blanc Lady are in fact accidents and coincidences. A radiocarbon date has been labeled to â€Å"The Triple Burial of Dolni Vestonice† to 27,660 years ago, during the Upper Paleolithic era. This specific burial site was excavated in Moscow, Russia in 1986. The gracile skeletons found here were of three ancient people. All three lay side by side. In the middle was the oldest of the three and this skeleton appears to be a woman, due to the analysis of her pelvic region. The entire right side of the woman’s body was not fully developed and her skull shape was asymmetrical. Therefore giving Anthropologists insinuation that she must have had scoliosis due to her deformations. To the left of the woman lies a robust (17 year old boy) with his hand atop of hers. And to the right of the woman lies another robust skeleton (18 or 19 year old boy) with both of his arms touchi... ...n 1911, many anthropologists thought the adult skeleton was a 25 year old male. This proves that anthropologists can be wrong within their predictions. Experiments must be tested several times in order for dates to be accurate. Likewise, in reference to the theories of symbolic burials and the advanced culture of these ancient peoples. Theories may be attested, although we do obtain clear evidence that these burials are not accidents. As I have shown you through two pieces of well studied excavated sites. The Triple Burial of Dolni Vestonice and The Cap Blanc Lady are not accidents and coincidences. Burials that date back to 15,000-27,600 years ago are in fact culturally and symbolically advanced for there time. It’s up to you to formulate your own opinion on this subject matter. Just remember to remind yourself of the questions and the evidence I have provided.

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc Essay

————————————————- June,06 2012 To Director of Intake: The purpose of this letter is to inform you of my interest in becoming a member of the Zeta Zeta Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated. My desire to inspire young men and women and make a significant impact on their lives is just one of many reasons I aspire to join your great fraternity. While growing up in a family of primarily my mother and other women relatives, I did not have many positive male role models I could look to for guidance.Although my father was not around to guide me through my journey of becoming a man, I was blessed to have a few good men in my life journey i that embraced me and instilled in me the qualities of a man and gentleman. Not only did they teach the qualities of a man, but they also ingrained in me the importance of an education. Once I left high school, I went on to college, and eventually continued my education at with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Science. After I obtained my degree, I began coaching and mentoring the young men at in the New York City area.Being a mentor to those young men was an enlightening experience; it allowed me to understand the importance of a role model. Had it not been for the role models in my life, I'm not sure what direction my life would have taken. It was that experience and the influence of my friends in positive associations s that fueled my desire to change the lives of young men and women the way that they changed mine. I believe that I have a lot to offer Zeta Zeta Chapter, both in terms of my desire to be a positive influence in the lives of others and with my personal strengths as a leader and mentor.As a member of Zeta Zeta Chapter, I will work hard to uphold the reputation and exceed the standards that those before me have set. In my opinion, becoming a member of Zeta Zeta Chapter means joining a group of highly educated men that together I believe are capable of facilitating the type of change that is imperative in today's society. It is my hope that I will be accepted as a member and be afforded the opportunity to take part in that change. I look forward to being considered for memebership in such lauadable and noble fraternity hearing from you regarding my request to join your great fraternity. Anonymous Sincerely,